Economic problems of poultry production in Egypt

Marketing inefficiency in the poultry market, Consumer price spread, Comparative advantage criteria, Economic obstacles facing poultry industry, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries,

Comparison of behaviors regarding live poultry exposure among rural residents in Vietnam and Thailand

Introduction: Live poultry exposure and risk behaviors are more prevalent in rural communities, increasing the risk of influenza A/H5N1 infection. We examined the economic and socio-cultural influences on poultry-related practices by comparing the poultry-related practices among Vietnamese and Thai rural residents by family income and consumption preference. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was performed to select households. Within each household, one adult was randomly selected for a face-to-face interview in five Vietnamese and five Thai rural districts. Using a standardized questionnaire to assess domestic poultry husbandry, live poultry purchase, and demographics, logistic regression enabled comparisons of behaviors related to live poultry exposure and examination of associated factors. Results: Among 994 Vietnamese and 907 Thai rural residents, live poultry exposure (prevalence of raising poultry, improper handling of sick or dead poultry, touching live poultry before buying, and slaughtering poultry at home) was more prevalent among Vietnamese than Thai respondents. After adjusting for other demographics, respondents with higher family incomes were less likely to rear backyard poultry in both Vietnam and Thailand, and with more likely to buy live poultry in Vietnam, but not in Thailand. Consumption preference for live poultry was associated with being more likely to rear backyard poultry in Vietnam and Thailand, and with being more likely to buy live poultry in Thailand, but not in Vietnam. Conclusion: The findings suggest important roles of economic imperatives and cultural preference for live poultry for consumption in supporting poultry rearing and live poultry purchase among rural residents. © 2014 Liao et al.published_or_final_versio

Contrasting human perceptions of and attitudes towards two threatened small carnivores, Lycalopex fulvipes and Leopardus guigna, in rural communities adjacent to protected areas in Chile

Indexación: Scopus.The interaction between humans and small carnivores is a phenomenon especially frequent in rural fringes, as is the case of communities surrounding natural areas. In Chile, two species of threatened carnivores, the Darwin's Fox and the Guigna, have increased their contact with humans due to human-induced changes in their habitat. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions of these species with humans by assessing human perceptions and attitudes toward them, and to assess livestock and poultry ownership and management practices in local communities to evaluate their possible roles in the phenomenon. We conducted semi-structured interviews in rural communities adjacent to natural protected areas of two different regions in southern Chile. We found that people have a more positive perception of Darwin's Foxes than Guignas, but both species are considered damaging due to poultry attacks. Livestock and poultry management was generally deficient. Improvements in animal management and education programs could lead to a significant decrease in negative interactions. © Sacristan et al. 2018.https://www.threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4030/442

Nitrate Concentrations of Ground Water from Limestone and Dolomitic Aquifers in the Northeastern Washington County Area, Arkansas

The Ozark Region of Arkansas is a major poultry-producing area of the United States. Large quantities of poultry waste are spread as fertilizer on thin soils of pastureland overlying limestone and dolomitic aquifers. Because these aquifers provide domestic water supplies for the rural population and are susceptible to contamination from surface water, there is concern that nitrate leached from poultry litter is polluting the ground water. In response to this concern, well water from a major poultry-producing area was compared with that from a forested area in the northeastern Washington County area, Arkansas. Although nitrate concentration of the well water from the poultry producing area (2.83 mg/L as nitrogen) is about 10 times that of springs in the forested area, it is considerably below the drinking water limits of 10 mg/L set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . The shallow Boone-st. Joe aquifer contains about twice as much nitrate as the deeper Everton aquifer. Expansion of poultry production in this region requires implementation of best management practices in order to protect the ground water from nitrate pollution

Federal Grants and the Problem of Financing Public Assistance

Livestock and poultry are two growing subsectors of global farming economy with an impact on the environment and thus deserving closer attention. While the farms play a major role in providing protein essential for human diets, they are also sources of significant amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hence, the sectors need to improve their environmental performance and mitigate their negative impacts on climate. To estimate the annual GHG emissions from a dairy and poultry farm, a case study was conducted in the rural area of Bangladesh. The study has considered the supply chains of both farms while estimating the emissions.  The study also estimated the GHG emission reduction potential of a small biogas based polygeneration system aimed at providing energy services in the rural area. LCA (lifecycle assessment) has been used as the main tool while estimating the emissions

Rural economic growth linkages and small scale poultry production: A survey of producers in KwaZulu-Natal

This study analyses survey data gathered from small and large poultry producers in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal, and highlights factors constraining the impact of commercial poultry production on the local economy. It was found that small-scale poultry production has the ability to initiate economic growth through the "export" of its products and to draw under-utilised resources such as labour into production. The impact of the subsequent multiplier effect is most likely strongest in the non-tradable, non-agricultural sector. Alleviating constraints for a large number of small enterprises is expected to impact more positively on the rural economy than if a few larger enterprises were encouraged to grow bigger. The descriptive results suggest that small producers face much higher transaction costs than larger producers. Government policies should focus on absorbing some of these transaction costs to nurture economic growth in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal, i.e. by improving education, physical infrastructure and technology transfer through extension. Other important interventions include the provision of mentoring and training services for new managers including institution, legal and financial management instruction.Livestock Production/Industries,

Interaction Between Humans and Poultry, Rural Cambodia

Because avian influenza H5N1 infection risks are associated with exposure to infected poultry, we conducted a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey of poultry-handling behavior among villagers in rural Cambodia. Despite widespread knowledge of avian influenza and personal protection measures, most rural Cambodians still have a high level of at-risk poultry handling

WEST VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE IN 1997: SITUATION, TRENDS AND COMPARISON

Agriculture in West Virginia produces significant amounts of income, provides full and part-time employment for substantial numbers of people, helps to make rural areas pleasant places to live, and creates amenities for residents visitors to the state. Agriculture in the State follows the trends in U.S. Agriculture. However, farms in the state are smaller and a larger proportion of its farm income is derived from livestock and livestock products with the poultry industry now surpassing beef cattle as the largest source of farm income.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Turkish organic poultry sector: General evaluation and lessons from successful practices

Considering Turkey’s success in conventional chicken industry which is around the frontlines in chicken meat and egg production in the EU, the aim of this article was to define the status and potential of organic poultry meat production in Turkey. Also we aimed to generate some advice to accelerate the progress in organic chicken meat production with a view to the successful implementations in EU and USA. In line with the purpose, we will consider the results of some of our past research on the surveying of the rural poultry in Turkey and on alternative broiler experiments. As commonly known, poultry production has been industrialized, and Turkey has a highly developed poultry industry. However, village poultry still exists in many developing countries. Depending on the large rural population (23 %), this type of production has also been going on in Turkey apart from the huge industry. Industrial poultry has increasingly been questioned by western public opinion with respect to animal welfare and sustainability; alternative poultry production systems were developed as a result of these susceptibilities. The ideal alternative system is organic poultry but some intermediate systems are also developed. Although half of the layers were kept in non-cage alternative systems in the UK, organic layers have still only 2.6 % share. It is not easy to convert to the organic. Thirty three per cent of total meat production in the world comes from poultry, whereas 60 % of the total meat consumption was provided from chickens in Turkey. A high rate of conventional standard chicken meat consumption has created weariness, and it is often questioned whether conventional chicken meat is healthy or not. This questioning is of critical importance in terms of developing alternative systems. In the last few years, eggs from organic and other alternative systems have become more easily accessible, but alternative chicken meat is still rather rare. In a pioneer research undertaken by ourselves, it was concluded that university students showed lower acceptance to alternative chicken meat. Older individuals may be expected to enjoy alternative meats of strong taste, but we will have to consider animal welfare and sustainability issues when marketing alternative chicken meats to young generations. Can we find farmers willing to do organic poultry farming? According to our surveys about rural poultry in Çanakkale and Antalya provinces, at least 80 % of families were involved in small scale rural poultry, especially for the family’s egg consumption. About 40 % of the poultry keeping respondents in two provinces replied yes to the question of “if there was any support from the government, would you increase your poultry production scale for the market?”. All respondents (346 in two provinces) stated that they had not received any extension support about poultry production. Agricultural extension is performed only by the Ministry of Agriculture in Turkey, but it is often neglected for poultry. Perhaps the most successful example of alternative chicken meat production is the French Label Rouge (LR) poultry. Ten percent of poultry meat produced in France has LR label, but 40 % of poultry farmers is LR keepers. This voluntary collective model is supported by the government. On the other hand, as a nonprofit organization, NCAT (the National Centre for Appropriate Technology) have been promoting sustainable agriculture in the USA since 1976. NCAT provide assistance on a wide range of topics on organic production and poultry via their services, including ATTRA (National Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development). Another example is “Freedom Food” labeling in UK turkey, which should also be closely reviewed. This farm assurance and food labeling scheme focuses on animal welfare and is a charity. Freedom Foods initiative has made substantial contributions to the development of alternative systems via keeping the issue of animal welfare on the agenda. We believe that these success stories will be useful benchmarks for Turkey’s organic poultry sector